what does it mean to have an invalid social security number

Nine-digit number issued to U.South. citizens and permanent residents

In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2) of the Social Security Act, codified as 42 U.s.C. § 405(c)(2). The number is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration, an contained agency of the United states government. Although the original purpose for the number was for the Social Security Assistants to track individuals,^[ane] the Social Security number has go a de facto national identification number for tax and other purposes.^[2]

A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Grade SS-5, Awarding for a Social Security Number Bill of fare.^[iii]

History [edit]

Social Security numbers were first issued by the Social Security Administration in Nov 1935 equally part of the New Deal Social Security programme. Within 3 months, 25 meg numbers were issued.^[four]

On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation'due south 45,000 post offices were designated "typing centers" to type upwardly Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December ane, 1936, every bit function of the publicity campaign for the new plan, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the height of the first stack of 1,000 records and announced that the start Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. However, since the Social Security numbers were not assigned in chronological order, Sweeney did not receive the lowest Social Security number, 001-01-0001. That distinction belongs to Grace D. Owen of Hold, New Hampshire.^{[5] [half dozen]}

Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the historic period of nearly 14,^[vii] since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income.^[8] The Tax Reform Deed of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of five for whom the parent wanted to merits a taxation deduction.^[9] Earlier this act, parents challenge tax deductions were simply trusted non to prevarication most the number of children they supported. During the beginning year of the Revenue enhancement Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer pocket-sized dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or taxation deductions improperly claimed by non-custodial parents.^[ten] In 1988, the threshold was lowered to 2 years onetime, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to one twelvemonth one-time.^[11] Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's historic period to receive an exemption.^{[ citation needed ]} Since then, parents take often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth; today, it tin be done on the awarding for a nativity certificate.^[12]

Purpose and use [edit]

The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. Information technology has since come to be used equally an identifier for individuals within the United States, although rare errors occur where duplicates practice exist. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) post offices.

Employee, patient, student, and credit records are sometimes indexed by Social Security number.

The U.S. Armed Forces have used the Social Security number as an identification number for Regular army and Air Force personnel since July one, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since January 1, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since Oct 1, 1974.^[13] Previously, the The states military used a much more complicated system of service numbers that varied by service.

Beginning in June 2011, the DOD began removing the Social Security number from military identification cards, replacing them with a unique DOD identification number, formally known as the EDIPI.^[14]

Non-universal status [edit]

An old Social Security card with the "not for identification" message

Social Security was originally a universal taxation, merely when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the system.^[fifteen] Because of this, not every American is office of the Social Security program, and not everyone has a number. Withal, a Social Security number is required for parents to merits their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes,^[12] and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or culling identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The Old Order Amish have fought to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license.^[16]

Social Security cards printed from Jan 1946 until Jan 1972 expressly stated that people should non apply the number and card for identification.^[17] Since well-nigh everyone in the United states at present has an SSN, it became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed.^[xviii]

Since then, Social Security numbers have get de facto national identification numbers.^[2] Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, information technology is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate financial activities such as applying for a loan or a bank account without one.^[xix] While the government cannot require an private to disclose their SSN without a legal basis, companies may reject to provide service to an individual who does non provide an SSN.^{[20] [21]} The card on which an SSN is issued is still not suitable for primary identification as information technology has no photograph, no physical description, and no birth appointment. All it does is confirm that a particular number has been issued to a detail proper name. Instead, a commuter's license or state ID card is used as an identification for adults.

Utilise required for federal tax purposes [edit]

Social Security bill of fare with legend "for Social Security and revenue enhancement purposes" (1961)

Internal Revenue Code department 6109(d) provides: "The social security account number issued to an private for purposes of section 205(c)(two)(A) of the Social Security Act [codification as 42 United states of americaC. § 405(c)(2)(A)] shall, except as shall otherwise be specified nether regulations of the Secretarial assistant [of the Treasury or his delegate], be used as the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this title [the Internal Acquirement Code, title 26 of the United States Lawmaking]."^[22]

The Internal Revenue Code also provides, when required by regulations prescribed by the secretary of the treasury or their consul:

• Inclusion in returns: Any person required nether the authority of this title to make a return, statement, or other document shall include in such return, statement, or other document such identifying number as may be prescribed for securing proper identification of such person.
• Furnishing number to other persons: Any person with respect to whom a return, statement, or other document is required nether the authorization of this title to be made by another person or whose identifying number is required to be shown on a return of another person shall furnish to such other person such identifying number equally may be prescribed for securing their proper identification.^[23]

According to U.Due south. Treasury regulations, whatever person who, afterward October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages discipline to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.South. federal income tax withholdings is required to apply for "an account number" using Form SS-five.^[24]

A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number.

[edit]

Four different classifications of Social Security cards are issued. Such cards are issued by geographic location (SSN Area Number) to:

1. persons of natural birth within the territorial boundaries of whatsoever one of the member States of the United states of America;
2. persons who become U.S. citizens by oath, or birth within the exclusive legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. government;
3. persons who get U.S. permanent residents;
4. persons with certain restrictions.

At that place are two restricted types of Social Security cards:

• 1 reads "not valid for employment." Such cards cannot be used equally proof of work authorization, and are not acceptable equally a Listing C document on the I-9 form.
• The other reads "valid for piece of work but with DHS authority", or the older, "valid for work only with INS authorisation." These cards are issued to people who have temporary work authorization in the U.Southward from the Department of Homeland Security -- the nation's border agency. They tin satisfy the I-9 requirement, if they are accompanied by a piece of work say-so card.

The cards commonly display the cardholder's proper name and number.

In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Human activity; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the SSN card to preclude forgery. From April 2006 through August 2007, the SSA and Authorities Printing Office (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security number card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Strength created past the commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the secretarial assistant of Homeland Security.

The new SSN card design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO pattern teams.

Identity theft [edit]

Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about the disclosure and processing of Social Security numbers. Furthermore, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly available personal information to reconstruct a given SSN.^[25]

The SSN is frequently used past those involved in identity theft. This is considering it is interconnected with many other forms of identification and people asking for information technology treat it as an authenticator. Financial institutions generally crave an SSN to gear up banking concern accounts, credit cards, and loans—partly because they assume that no one except the person information technology was issued to knows information technology.

Exacerbating the problem of using the Social Security number as an identifier is the fact that the Social Security card contains no biometric identifiers of any sort, making it essentially impossible to tell whether a person using a certain SSN truly belongs to someone without relying on other documentation (which may itself accept been falsely procured through utilise of the fraudulent SSN). Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the apply of SSNs for identification and bans their use for a number of commercial purposes—eastward.g., rental applications.^[26]

The Internal Acquirement Service (IRS) offers alternatives to SSNs in some places where providing untrusted parties with identification numbers is essential. Tax return preparers must obtain and apply a Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN) to include on their customer'south tax returns (as part of signature requirements).^[27] Day intendance services have tax benefits, and even a sole proprietor should give parents an EIN (employer identification number) to use on their tax return.

The Social Security Administration has suggested that, if asked to provide their Social Security number, a citizen should inquire which constabulary requires its utilise.^[28] In accordance with §7213 of the 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004 and 20 CFR 422.103, the number of replacement Social Security cards per person is generally limited to 3 per calendar year and x in a lifetime.^[28]

Identity confusion has also occurred because of the use of local Social Security numbers by the Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall islands, and the Republic of Palau, whose numbers overlap with those of residents of New Hampshire and Maine.^[29]

Similarly, Social Security numbers are often valued data for hackers to gain in attacks such as social engineering attacks, where attackers endeavor and dispense people into disclosing individual information. For example, in the social engineering assail involving Hewlett-Packard, executives hired private investigators to manipulate phone companies into disclosing calling data and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking data to the press.

Replacement numbers [edit]

A person can asking a new Social Security number, but but nether certain conditions:^[30]

• Where sequential numbers assigned to members of the aforementioned family are causing problems.
• In the event of duplicates having been issued.
• In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and there is a articulate demand to modify their number for their personal safety.^[31]
• When a person has been a victim of identity theft, and his/her Social Security number continues to exist problematic.
• Where a person has a demonstrable religious objection to a number (such equally sure Christians beingness balky to the number 666).

For all of these conditions, credible third-political party evidence such every bit a restraining society or police report is required.

Structure [edit]

The Social Security number is a nine-digit number in the format "AAA-GG-SSSS".^[32] The number is divided into three parts: the first iii digits, known as the area number considering they were formerly assigned by geographical region; the heart 2 digits, known as the group number; and the terminal iv digits, known as the series number.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN consignment process to "SSN randomization".^[33] SSN randomization afflicted the SSN assignment process in the following means:

• It eliminated the geographical significance of the first iii digits of the SSN, referred to equally the surface area number, by no longer allocating specific numbers past country for consignment to individuals.
• It eliminated the significance of the highest group number assigned for each expanse number, and, as a result, the Loftier Group List is frozen in fourth dimension and can be used for validation of only those SSNs issued prior to the randomization implementation appointment.
• Previously unassigned area numbers have been introduced for assignment, excluding surface area numbers 000, 666 and 900–999.

Because Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) are issued by the IRS, they were not affected past this SSA change.

Historical structure [edit]

Prior to the 2011 randomization procedure, the first 3 digits or area numbers were assigned by geographical region. Prior to 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the state and the area number represented the office code where the carte du jour was issued. This did not necessarily have to be in the area where the applicant lived, since a person could apply for their carte du jour in whatsoever Social Security office. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from Baltimore, the surface area number was assigned based on the ZIP Code in the mailing address provided on the application for the original Social Security card. The bidder's mailing accost did not have to be the same equally their place of residence. Thus, the area number did not necessarily represent the state of residence of the applicant regardless of whether the card was issued prior to, or afterwards, 1973.

Generally, numbers were assigned beginning in the northeast and moving south and due west, so that people applying from addresses on the east coast had the everyman numbers and those on the w coast had the highest numbers. As the areas assigned to a locality were exhausted, new areas from the pool were assigned, and so some states had noncontiguous groups of numbers.

The center two digits or group number range from 01 to 99. Fifty-fifty before SSN randomization, the group numbers were not assigned consecutively within an area. Instead, for administrative reasons, group numbers were issued in the post-obit order:^[34]

1. odd numbers from 01 through 09
2. even numbers from 10 through 98
3. even numbers from 02 through 08
4. odd numbers from xi through 99

As an instance, group number 98 would be issued earlier 11.

The last 4 digits, which are serial numbers, "are the most important to protect" and they tin can "open up credit in your proper name, steal your money" and more.^[35] Before SSN randomization took upshot, they represented a straight numerical sequence of digits from 0001 to 9999 within the group.

Valid SSNs [edit]

Prior to June 25, 2011, a valid SSN could not accept an expanse number between 734 and 749, or higher up 772, the highest area number the Social Security Administration had allocated. Effective June 25, 2011, the SSA assigns SSNs randomly and allows for the assignment of area numbers betwixt 734 and 749 and in a higher place 772 through the 800s.^[36] This should not be confused with Revenue enhancement Identification Numbers (TINs), which include additional surface area numbers.^[37]

Some special numbers are never allocated:

• Numbers with all zeros in any digit group (000-##-####, ###-00-####, ###-##-0000).^{[38] [39]}
• Numbers with 666 or 900–999 (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) in the showtime digit group.^[38]

Until 2011, the SSA published the final group number used for each area number.^[40] Since group numbers were allocated in a regular pattern, it was possible to identify an unissued SSN that contained an invalid group number. At present numbers are assigned randomly, and fraudulent SSNs are not easily detectable with publicly available information. Many online services, withal, provide SSN validation.

Different many similar numbers, no bank check digit is included.

Exhaustion and re-use [edit]

The Social Security Administration does not reuse Social Security numbers. Information technology has issued over 450 million since the start of the program, and at a employ rate of virtually v.five million per year. Information technology says information technology has enough to last several generations without reuse or changing the number of digits.^[41] However, there accept been instances where multiple individuals accept been inadvertently assigned the same Social Security number.^[42]

SSNs used in advertizing [edit]

Some SSNs used in advertizement have rendered those numbers invalid. Ane famous example of this occurred in 1938 when the East. H. Ferree Visitor in Lockport, New York, decided to promote its production by showing how a Social Security card would fit into its wallets. A sample carte, used for display purposes, was placed in each wallet, which was sold past Woolworth and other department stores across the state; the wallet manufacturer'due south vice president and treasurer Douglas Patterson used the actual SSN of his secretarial assistant, Hilda Schrader Whitcher.

Even though the menu was printed in reddish (the real card is printed in blue) and had "specimen" printed beyond the front, many people used Whitcher'south SSN every bit their own. The Social Security Administration'south business relationship of the incident also claims that the fake card was one-half the size of a real carte, despite a miniature card being useless for its purpose and despite Whitcher's property two cards of plainly identical size in the accompanying photograph. Over fourth dimension, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a total of over 40,000 people as their ain.^[43] The SSA initiated an ad campaign stating that information technology was incorrect to use the number (Hilda Whitcher was issued a new SSN). Yet, the number was plant to be in use by 12 individuals as belatedly as 1977.^[43]

More recently, Todd Davis distributed his SSN in advertisements for his visitor's LifeLock identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to be stolen over a dozen times.^{[44] [45]}

[edit]

List showing the geographical location of the first three digits of the Social Security numbers assigned in the United states and its territories from 1973 until June 25, 2011. Repeated numbers indicate that they have been transferred to another location or they're shared by more than one location.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".^[46] SSN randomization affects the SSN consignment procedure. Amidst its changes, it eliminates the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN, previously referred to every bit the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Area Numbers for consignment to individuals in specific states.

SSN area number	Location[47]
001–003	New Hampshire
004–007	Maine
008–009	Vermont
010–034	Massachusetts
035–039	Rhode Isle
040–049	Connecticut
050–134	New York
135–158	New Bailiwick of jersey
159–211	Pennsylvania
212–220	Maryland
221–222	Delaware
223–231	Virginia
232–236	West Virginia
232, 237–246	North Carolina
247–251	South Carolina
252–260	Georgia
261–267	Florida
268–302	Ohio
303–317	Indiana
318–361	Illinois
362–386	Michigan
387–399	Wisconsin
400–407	Kentucky
408–415	Tennessee
416–424	Alabama
425–428	Mississippi
429–432	Arkansas
433–439	Louisiana
440–448	Oklahoma
449–467	Texas
468–477	Minnesota
478–485	Iowa
486–500	Missouri
501–502	North Dakota
503–504	South Dakota
505–508	Nebraska
509–515	Kansas
516–517	Montana
518–519	Idaho
520	Wyoming
521–524	Colorado
525, 585	New Mexico
526–527	Arizona
528–529	Utah
530, 680	Nevada
531–539	Washington
540–544	Oregon
545–573	California
574	Alaska
575–576	Hawaii
577–579	District of Columbia
580	U.S. Virgin Islands
580–584	Puerto Rico
586	Pacific Ocean territories Guam American Samoa Philippine Islands (under U.South. dominion until 1946) Northern Mariana Islands
587–665	California (Southern California and the Key Valley) & Us War machine Bases Worldwide
676–679	Non issued
700–728	Railroad Retirement Board (discontinued July 1, 1963)
729–730	Enumeration at entry
750-751	Hawaii
752-755	Mississippi
756-763	Tennessee
764-765	Arizona
766-772	Florida

See also [edit]

• Death Chief File
• National identification number
• Personally identifiable information

References [edit]

1. ^ Pickett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Bulletin. Vol. 69, no. 2. United States Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
2. ^ ^{a b} Kouri, Jim (March 9, 2005). "Social Security Cards: De Facto National Identification". American Relate. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
3. ^ 20 CFR 422.103(b)
4. ^ "Social Security: Chronology". United States Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
5. ^ "The "Showtime" Social Security Number; The Lowest Number". Social Security History. Us Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
6. ^ "First Bidder on Pension Listing". Ogden Standard Examiner. Ogden, Utah. December 2, 1936. p. 8. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
7. ^ Long, Wayne S. (Bound 1993). "Social Security Numbers Issued: A xx-Yr Review" (PDF). Social Security Journal. 56 (1): 82. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
8. ^ Goldberg, Jack (October 17, 1993). "A strategy for assembling samples of adult twin pairs in the United States". Statistics in Medicine. 12 (18): 1693–1702. doi:10.1002/sim.4780121805. PMID 8248662. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
9. ^ "Revenue enhancement Reform Act of 1986". Social Security History. United states of america Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
10. ^ Liebman, Jeffrey B. (Dec 2000). "Who Are the Ineligible EITC Recipients?" (PDF). National Tax Journal. 53 (iv): 1165–1186. doi:10.17310/ntj.2000.4S1.06. JSTOR 41789513. S2CID 35405024.
11. ^ "Social Security Number Chronology". Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
12. ^ ^{a b} "Social Security Numbers For Children". Social Security Administration. Dec 2017. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
13. ^ "Service Numbers and Social Security Numbers". National Archives. 2016-08-15. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
14. ^ Garamone, Jim (April 4, 2011). "DOD removes SSAN from ID cards". U.Southward. Regular army . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
15. ^ ""Pay Unto Caesar": The Amish & Social Security". AmishNews.com. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
16. ^ "Amish pass up giving Social Security numbers to go licenses". The Chippewa Herald. August 30, 1999. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
17. ^ "Version History". Social Security History. United states of america Social Security Assistants. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
18. ^ Pear, Robert (July 26, 1998). "The Nation; Not for Identification Purposes (Just Kidding)". The New York Times . Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
19. ^ "Social Security Number Non Required". Scribd.com. April 29, 2008. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
20. ^ Mullen, Charles H. (March xviii, 1998). "Letter to Mr. Scott McDonald". Office of Public Enquiries, Social Security Administration. Retrieved October xix, 2018.
21. ^ "Tin can I pass up to give my Social Security number to a private business organisation?". Often Asked Questions. United States Social Security Assistants. May 18, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
22. ^ 26 U.Due south.C. § 6109(d)
23. ^ 26 The statesC. § 6109(a)
24. ^ 26 C.F.R. sec. 31.6011(b)-ii(a)(i)(ii)
25. ^ Timmer, John (July 17, 2009). "New algorithm guesses SSNs using date and place of nascency". Ars Technica. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
26. ^ Broache, Anne. "Congress may slap restrictions on SSN employ - CNET News". News.cnet.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11. Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
27. ^ "PTIN Requirements for Taxation Render Preparers | Internal Revenue Service". www.irs.gov . Retrieved 2021-02-20 .
28. ^ ^{a b} "Your Social Security Number And Bill of fare, "How can I protect my Social Security number?"". Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
29. ^ Meyer, Beak (August 17, 2009). "How many Americans' Social Security numbers were officially duplicated for Pacific islanders?". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
30. ^ "Tin can I modify my Social Security number?". Social Security Administration . Retrieved October 19, 2018.
31. ^ "New Numbers for Domestic Violence Victims" (PDF). Social Security Administration . Retrieved October xix, 2018.
32. ^
33. ^ "Social Security Number Randomization". Socialsecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
34. ^ "The SSN Numbering Scheme". SocialSecurity.gov. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
35. ^ "Did you know…? The concluding iv digits of your Social Security ..."
36. ^ "Social Security Number Allocations". Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
37. ^ "Taxpayer Identification Numbers (Can)". Internal Acquirement Service. May 2, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
38. ^ ^{a b} "Social Security Number Randomization". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
39. ^ "RM 10201.035 Invalid Social Security Numbers (SSNs)". Plan Operations Manual System (POMS). U.s.a. Social Security Administration. June 23, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
40. ^ "High Group List And Other Means To Determine If An SSN Is Valid". Social Security Administration. Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
41. ^ "Q20: Are Social Security numbers reused after a person dies?". United states of america Social Security Assistants. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
42. ^ Noyes, Katherine (November 12, 2015). "A tale of two women: same birthday, same Social Security number, same large-data mess". PC World. Retrieved October nineteen, 2018.
43. ^ ^{a b} "Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth". Social Security Administration. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
44. ^ Zetter, Kim (May 18, 2010). "LifeLock CEO's Identity Stolen 13 Times". Wired . Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2018.
45. ^ Vijayan, Jaikumar (May 19, 2010). "LifeLock CEO said to be victim of identity theft 13 times". ComputerWorld . Retrieved Oct 19, 2018.
46. ^ "Social Security Number Randomization". SocialSecurity.gov. Retrieved Oct xix, 2018.
47. ^ "Social Security Number Allocations". www.ssa.gov . Retrieved October 19, 2018.

External links [edit]

• Social Security Administration
• United States Social Security Death Index—Database listing over 85 million SSNs, all of which entered the public domain upon the death of their owners
• "Woolworth SSN Card"—"The groundwork of the nigh misused Social Security number in history" at Snopes
• Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth: "The most misused SSN of all time was (078-05-1120)."
• Complete list of expanse number groups from the Social Security Assistants
• Social Security Administration's FAQ for Social Security Numbers
• Social Security bill of fare application
• Hearing on Removing Social Security Numbers from Medicare Cards—Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Social Security and Subcommittee on Health of the Commission on Ways and Ways, U.S. Business firm of Representatives, Ane Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, August 1, 2012
• How to Replace a Lost or Stolen Security Card
• Puckett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Bulletin. 69 (2): 55–74. PMID 19697506. Retrieved October 19, 2018. (PDF version)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number

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